The Kanoya Observation Facility originated with the initiation of geoelectric observation in Miyakonojo (Miyazaki Prefecture) in 1946 for the purpose of earthquake prediction.
In 1948, deterioration of the local observation environment prompted a move to its current location in Kanoya (Kagoshima Prefecture), where geoelectric observation (- February 2021) began in 1949.
Geomagnetic field observation started in 1958 during the International Geophysical Year, and in 1975 the observatory was designated as one of 10 geomagnetic field stations worldwide for the determination of geomagnetic storms, making it internationally important.
With the restructuring of the Kakioka Magnetic Observatory in 2011, Kanoya became an unmanned observatory and has since been operated remotely from Kakioka.
Staff from the Kagoshima Local Meteorological Office attend twice a month for absolute measurement and other duties.